Título original: Open Letter from AFSA Opposing Human Feeding Trials with GM Bananas
“The Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa questions what firm conclusions can be drawn from feeding trials of young people residing in the United States for poor rural farmers and consumers in Africa…”
To:
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Sue.Desmond-Hellman@gatesfoundation.org Chris.Elias@gatesfoundation.org Dr Wendy S White, Iowa State University wswhite@iastate.edu Director, Human-Institutional Review Board, Iowa State University IRB@iastate.edu
Dear Sirs/Madam:
We, the undersigned, representing diverse constituencies from across Africa and the world, working towards food sovereignty, are strongly opposed to the human feeding trials taking place at Iowa State University involving the so-called genetically modified (GM) “super banana” – GM Matooke, Sweet and Roasting bananas.
These trials funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation are being carried out under the leadership of Dr. Wendy White of the Iowa State University, on 12 young students, with the intention of introducing the GM banana first in Uganda and later, to other countries in East Africa. The GM banana, currently undergoing field trials in Uganda, was developed by scientists at Queensland University of Technology in Australia, similarly also funded by the Gates Foundation.
These trials, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, are being carried out under the leadership of Dr. Wendy White of the Iowa State University, on 12 young students, with the intention of introducing the GM banana in in East Africa.Despite claims to the contrary from the promoters and developers of GM crops, and to reiterate what nearly three hundred global scientists have stated in an Open Letter in December 2013, there is no consensus that GM crops are safe for human consumption. Most of the research carried out by independent scientists on GM crops directly contradicts the results of biotech industry-sponsored studies that claim no evidence of risk or harm.
This so-called “super banana,” has been genetically modified to contain extra beta-carotene, a nutrient the human body uses to produce vitamin A. Unlike current GM crops in commercial production where agronomic traits have been altered, scientists have spliced genes into the GM banana to produce substances for humans to digest (extra beta carotene). The GM banana is a whole different ballgame, raising serious concerns about the risks to African communities who would be expected to consume it. Production of vitamin A in the body is complex and not fully understood. This raises important questions including inter alia, whether high levels of beta- carotene or vitamin A may carry risks and what the nature of those risks might be. While a risk assessment is a pre-requisite for GM foods under many national jurisdictions, the need for specific and additional food safety assessment for nutritionally enhanced GM crops such as the GM banana is acknowledged by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, as genetic modifications result in a composition that may be significantly different from their conventional counterparts. 1
We question what firm conclusions can be drawn from feeding trials of young people residing in the United States for poor rural farmers and consumers in Africa, given all the differences in lifestyle and diets between these two populations?
What other foods will these students be eating with the GM bananas, and how will these be eaten? Will the participants in the USA be eating this in the same way? Will it have the same color and same levels of water composition? Would cooking the GM bananas result in a loss of beta-carotene? Will participants be given portions of fats and oils (such as butter) to supplement the banana, as was the case in feeding trials with Golden Rice to facilitate the absorption of beta-carotene? If so, then the GM banana feeding studies may be of little relevance to rural Ugandans and other East Africans who prepare the Matooke variety simply by steaming and mashing.
Great strides have been made in the Philippines, another target country for Vitamin enhanced GM crops, through government programs that supply supplements and improve access to vitamin A rich foods, to overcome Vitamin A deficiencies. This is done without the enormous costs or unknown long- term impacts on health, the environment and farming systems that are entailed by using GM crops. And it is more completely in control of the user society. Africa, the USA, and indeed the rest of the world, do not need GM crops. These crops divert resources away from more locally appropriate and controlled agricultural solutions to nutritional concerns. If indeed the aim of those involved in the promotion of the project is truly to combat Vitamin A deficiency then surely they should be advocating for the consumption of more diverse fruits and foods, such as sweet potatoes that are rich in Vitamin A and that are in abundance in Africa. Ironically, the promotion of a GM food staple high in Vitamin A, risks perpetuating monolithic diets, the very causes of Vitamin A deficiency in the first place.
This letter is in solidarity with farmers and communities in Africa and around the world, which have resisted the genetic modification of their staple foods- from Ghana, Kenya and Zambia- to Mexico, India and the Philippines. We will not stand by idly as attempts are made to systematically genetically modify Africa’s staple foods and in the process gain a massive positive public relations coup by claiming to have conquered health problems at the unnecessary risk to Africans.
Finally, we demand that the full contents of this open letter are shared with the human subjects of these trials in the USA.
Bridget Mugambe
Policy Advocate Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA) P.O. BOX 571 Kampala, Uganda Email: b_mugambe@yahoo.com Tel: 256 775 692499
Supported by:
African Biodiversity Network (Kenya)
African Centre for Biosafety (South Africa)
Africa Europe Faith Justice Network (Belgium)
African Network on the Right to Food (Togo)
Agency for Integrated Rural Development (Uganda)
AgriculturALMissions Inc (USA)
AgriProfocus (Uganda)
AGRA Watch/Community Alliance for Global Justice (USA)
Alliance Against Hunger and Malnutrition (Nigeria)
Alliance for Rural Advancement (South Africa)
Biowatch (South Africa)
Border Rural Committee (South Africa)
Black Farmers and Agriculturalists Association (USA)
Centre for Information Policy in Africa (Uganda)
Center for Indigenous Knowledge and Organizational Development (CIKOD) (Ghana)
Centre for Participatory Research and Development (Uganda)
Centro Internazionale (Italy)
Civil Society Watch Project (Uganda)
?Committee on Vital Environmental Resources (COVER) Nigeria
Community to Community (USA)
Community Development Resource Network (Uganda)
Consumer Education Trust (Uganda)
Commons for Eco Justice (Malawi)
Comparing and Supporting Endogenous Development- Africa
CNCD- 11.11.11 (Belgium)
CICODEV Africa
Earthlife Africa (South Africa)
Environmental Management and Livelihoods Improvement (Uganda)
Entraide et Fraternite (Belgium)
Eastern and Southern Africa Small Scale Farmers Forum (EASAFF-regional network)
FAHAMU (Senegal)
Farmer Support Group (South Africa)
Family Farm Defenders (USA)
Farm Workers Association of Florida (USA)
Fellowship of Christian Councils and Churches in West Africa (West Africa)
Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy (USA)
Food Sovereignty Ghana (Ghana)
Food Democracy Now! (USA)
Food Matters Zimbabwe
Food and Water Watch (USA)
FOOD Watch (Australia)
Friends of the Earth Africa
FNQ Sustainability Alliance (Australia)
Garden Africa
Gaia Foundation (United Kingdom)
Gene Ethics (Australia)
GRAIN
Greenpeace
GM Free Australia (Australia)
GM-Free Far North Queensland (Australia)
Grassroots International (USA)
Growth Partners Africa (Kenya)
Hawai`i SEED
Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF) Nigeria
International Development Exchange (USA)
Institute for Culture and Ecology (Kenya)
Institute for Research and Promotion of Alternatives (Mali)
Institute for Sustainable Development (ISD) Ethiopia
Interface Development Interventions (Philippines)
jAbL (Germany)
JA!FOE (Mozambique)
JINUKUN- Coalition to Protect African Genetic Heritage (Benin)
Kenya Biodiversity Coalition (Kenya)
Kenya Food Rights Alliance (Kenya)
Land Loss Prevention Project (USA)
La Via Campesina (Africa)
La Via Campesina (North America)
Legal Resources Centre (South Africa)
MADGE Australia Inc (Australia)
Mantasa (Indonesia)
Melca (Ethiopia)
Mississippi State Association of Cooperatives (USA)
Maryknoll Office for Global Concerns (USA)
National Association for Professional Environmentalists (Uganda)
National Family Farm Coalition (USA)
Natures Friends Institute Demonstration Site (USA)
Ndima Community Service (South Africa)
Nkuzi Development Association (South Africa)
Navdanya (India)
Never Ending Food (Malawi)
Network of Farmers and Agricultural Producers’ Organisations of West Africa
North East Organic Farming Association of New York (USA)
Oakland Institute (USA)
Pesticide Action Network- North America
Partners for the Land and Agriculture Needs of Traditional Peoples (USA)
PELUM Association (Regional network representing 10 countries in Africa)
Right to Agrarian Reform for Food Sovereignty Campaign (South Africa)
Rural Women’s Assembly (Southern Africa)
Slow Food Youth Network (South Africa)
Society for International Development (Italy/International)
SOS Faim Luxemburg (Germany)
Southern Cape land Committee (South Africa)
Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute (Uganda)
Sovereign Seeds (Western Australia)
Surplus people project (South Africa)
The Ecologist Magazine
The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee
The Acequia Institute (USA)
Third World Network
Tanzania Alliance for Biodiversity (Tanzania)
Terra Nova (Italy)
Tropical Sustainable Foundation (Uganda)
Truly Living Well Center for Natural Urban Agriculture (USA)
The Committee on Vital Environment Resources (Nigeria)
The Young Environmental Network (Nigeria)
The Health of Mother Earth Foundation (Nigeria)
Trust for Community Outreach and Education (South Africa)
Transkei Land Service Organisation (South Africa)
Pan-Africanist International (Belgium)
Participatory Ecological Land Use Management (Uganda)
Platforme Regionale des Organisations d’Afrique Centrale
SEARICE (Philippines)
Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development (Uganda)
US-Africa Network (USA)
US F00d Sovereignty Alliance (USFA)
Vijiji Foundation (Tanzania)
Washington Biotechnology Action Council (USA)
Women on Farms (South Africa)
World Neighbours
Support for Women in Agriculture and Environment (Uganda)
Zambia Alliance for Agro Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation (Zambia)
Individuals
Dr. Vandana Shiva (India)
Joanna Stodden (Seattle, USA)
LanDinh (Philadelphia USA)
Dr Jeanne Koopman (USA)
SheilaKinsey (Rome, Italy)
Sue Kalicinska (United Kingdom)
Sue Edwards
Reverend M Dele (USA)
Dr. Eva Novotny (United Kingdom)
Erik Dalhuijsen (Aberdeen Scotland)
Franz Fischer (Zimbabwe)
Dr. Michael Antoniou (United Kingdom)
Sr. KumudineDassanayake (Holy Family of Bordeaux, Sri-Lanka)
Dr. Norman Albon (United Kingdom)
Frances Moore Lappé (Food First co-founder)
Prof. Joseph Cummins (Canada)
Dr. Marion Hersh (Scotland)
MelleseDamtieDandi
June WalkerThanthwe (Malawi)
John Wilson (Zimbabwe)
Philip L Bereano, Professor Emeritus
Dr. Devon G. Peña (Food First board member)
H.M Owens
Jeanie Clark (Warracknabeal, Australia)
Joan Gussow Professor Emeritus (Columbia University, USA)
Dr. Eric Holt-Giménez (Food First Executive Director)
Publicado orignalmente em Food First
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário